Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial Genome of Toxascaris leonina from a South China Tiger

Toxascaris leonina is a common parasitic nematode of wild mammals and has significant impacts on the protection of rare wild animals. To analyze population genetic characteristics of T. leonina from South China tiger, its mitochondrial (mt) genome was sequenced. Its complete circular mt genome was 14,277 bp in length, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and 2 non-coding regions. The nucleotide composition was biased toward A and T. The most common start codon and stop codon were TTG and TAG, and 4 genes ended with an incomplete stop codon. There were 13 intergenic regions ranging 1 to 10 bp in size. Phylogenetically, T. leonina from a South China tiger was close to canine T. leonina. This study reports for the first time a complete mt genome sequence of T. leonina from the South China tiger, and provides a scientific basis for studying the genetic diversity of nematodes between different hosts.

Effect on metabolic state in patients with Roux-y sigmoid neobladder / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To assess metabolic state in patients with Roux-y sigmoid neobladder.Methods The study comprised 33 patients(21 men and 12 women) with Roux-y sigmoid neobladder after oneological sur-gery.All enrolled patients were treated by the same protocol.Before and after withdrawing the catheter , serum e-lectrolytes, ereatinine and urea were analysed and used to assess the effect.Results All 33 patients were evalu-able.Before and after withdrawing the catheter , serum electrolytes, creatinine and urea were normal values and there was no signifcant difference(P >0.05).Three patients developed mild metabolic acidosis.Conclusions The Roux-y sigmoid neobladder is a feasible , safe and effective method for continent urinary diversion.This surgi-cal technique had no signifcant effect on metabolic state.

Involvement of JNK-initiated p53 accumulation and phosphorylation of p53 in pseudolaric acid B induced cell death

A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to determine that apoptosis causes HeLa cell death induced by pseudolaric acid B. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 decreased p53 protein expression during exposure to pseudolaric acid B. SP600125 decreased the phosphorylation of p53 during pseudolaric acid B exposure, indicating that JNK mediates phosphorylation of p53 during the response to pseudolaric acid B. SP600125 reversed pseudolaric acid B-induced down-regulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and protein kinase C (PKC) was activated by pseudolaric acid B, whereas staurosporine, calphostin C, and H7 partly blocked this effect. These results indicate that p53 is partially regulated by JNK in pseudolaric acid B-induced HeLa cell death and that PKC participates in pseudolaric acid B-induced HeLa cell death.

Pseudolaric acid B induces apoptosis via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and caspase-3 in HeLa cells

Pseudolaric acid B was isolated from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (Pinaceae) and was evaluated for the anti-cancer effect in HeLa cells. We observed that pseudolaric acid B inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. HeLa cells treated with pseudolaric acid B showed typical characteristics of apoptosis including the morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. JNK inhibitor, SP600125, markedly inhibited pseudolaric acid B-induced cell death. In addition, Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated while Bax protein level was up-regulated. Caspase-3 inhibitor, z-DEVD-fmk, partially blocked pseudolaric acid B-induced cell death, and the expression of two classical caspase substrates, PARP and ICAD, were both decreased in a time- dependent manner, indicative of downstream caspase activation.

NNAMB,a novel homospermidine conjugate,induces apoptosis and differentiation in B16 Melanoma cells / 中国药理学通报

0.1 ?mol?L-1), inducing differentiation through enhancement of melanogenesis and increase of the activity of tyrosinase at lower doses(

Modified rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage / 中国药理学通报

Aim To develop a modified model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Motheds The SAH model was induced by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna without exposing the occipitoaxial ligament.The main modified point was a hole bored by a dental drill at the middle point of the boundary between the parietal bone and the occipital bone,then a catheter was inserted 8 mm to cisterna magna and the autologous blood was injected . Hemorrheological parameters were measured after the model was created.The intrinsic oversxidase method was used to show the microvessel of CA_1 region. The diameter, density ,and the aera of microvessel were measured and ananlyzed by Image-Pro Plus image analysis system. Results The total blood viscosity(?b) and erythroagglutation index(AL) in SAH model group increased significantly,however,the microvesse area and microvesse density in SAH model group decreased obviously. Conclusion The modified model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats is reliable and easy to operate on.

Effects of Ligu Capsules in Preventing and Treating Menopausal Osteoporosis of Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To investigate the effect of Ligu Capsules in preventing and treating menopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.Methods Rat models with osteoporosis were established by ovariectomy. Bone mineral density of femur,dry and wet bone weight and blood biochemical parameters were measured before and after treatment.Results Compared with the model group, Ligu Capsules increased femur bone mineral density,elevated the serum levels of Ca,P,Mg ,Zn and CT, decreased serum BGP level and hydroxyproline/creatinine(Hyp/Crea)ratio,increased dry weight, wet weight and ash weight of femur, as well as the bone length, bone volume, and bone diameter.Conclusion Ligu Capsules can prevent and treat osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

Human interleukin-1? induces A375-S2 human melanoma apoptosis through caspase pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To study the molecular biological mechanism and signal transduction pathway of interleukin-1? (IL-1?)-induced apoptosis in A375-S2 melanoma cells. METHODS: Photomicrocropy showed typical apoptotic changes. The cytotoxic effect of IL-1? in vitro and influences of caspases in this effect were measured by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of cells was assessed by LDH-based assay. Degradation of DNA was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: The inhibitory effect of IL-1? on A375-S2 cell growth was in a dose and time-dependent manner, and cell death rate reached more than 90% at 72 h after treatment with 10~(-9)mol/L IL-1?. The inhibitors of caspase-family, -1, -3, -8, -9, and -10, partially blocked cell death at early stage. LDH assay showed that major IL-1?-induced cell death was apoptosis, and in a dose and time-dependent manner. Typical apoptotic DNA ladder was observed in agarose gel electrophoresis. CONCLUSION: IL-1? induced apoptosis in melanoma A375-S2 cells by activating caspase pathway. [

Experiment Study of Folium Bambusae Extraot Against Hypoxia / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective This study evaluates the Anti- hypoxic effect of Fo li um Bambusae extract (FBE). Methods The survival time of mice under the conditi on of closed normobaric hypoxia, and those subjected to KCN, NaNO2 and lidoc aine poisoning, and the time of electrocardiograph disappearance after occlusio n of trachea and the duration of continuous gasping in mice after decapitation were used to evaluate the Anti- hypoxic effect of FBE. Results FBE ( 22.5 m g/kg, 45.0 mg/kg, 90.0 mg/kg) prolonged the survival time of mice under the c ondition of closed normobaric hypoxia, prolonged the survival time in mice subj ected to KCN, NaNO2 and lidocaine poisoning and prolonged the time of electro cardiograph disappearance and the duration of gasping in decapitated mice. Conc lusion FBE can increase the anti- hypoxic effect of animals.

Effect and mechanism of Gujingdan on acute renal injury induced by gentamicin / 中成药

AIM:To study the protective effect and mechanism of Gujingdan(Radix Astragali,Fructus Alpiniae oxyphyllae,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,Herba Epimedii,Semen Euryales,etc.) on the acute renal injury caused by Gentamicin in rats.METHODS:90 rats were randomly divided into normal control group,pathologic model group,preventive group which included high,middle and low dosages of Gujingdan(4 g/kg,2 g/kg,1 g/kg) and positive control group which was treated with Shenkangning(2 g/kg) and treated group which included the same groups as the preventive group.The preventive groups were respectively given Gujingdan and Shenkangning for two weeks and ahead one week.On the seventh day,except the normal group the others were continuously injected gentamicin by abdominal cavity(100 mg/kg/day) seven days.At the same time,the treated group were given Gujingdan and Shenkangning by ig for seven days.When the experiment was over,the content of ?-N-acetyglocosamidase(NAG),serum creatinine(SCR) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were examined,and the renal histological changes were observed.RESULTS:NAG,BUN,SCR of the groups which were treated with Gujingdan were remarkly lower than that of the pathologic model group;SOD、ATP were higher and MDA was lower than that of the model group.Histological changes showed that renal tubular epithelial cells of the groups treated with Gujingdan were similar to the changes of normal group and much better than that of positive group and pathologic model group.CONCLUSION:Gujingdan has the protective effect on acute renal injury caused by Gentamicin.The mechanism may be that Gujingdan has the function of inhibiting oxidation,protecting and stabilizing cell membrane.

Effect of processing on antitussive, antiasthmatic and diuretic activities of Morrus alba L / 中成药

AIM: To investigate the antitussive and antiasthmatic activities and diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed. METHODS: The antitussive and antiasthmatic activities in vivo (hypersensitivity) and in vitro (functional experiments) of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed were investigated. The diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed also were studied on rat and rabbit models. RESULTS: The processed Morrus alba L. could inhibite histamine-induced airway hypersensitivity. It's diuretic activity was lower but its antitussive activity was better. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there are some differentes between Morrus alba L. before and after being processed in antitussive, antiasthmatic and diuretic activities. The diuretic activity of crude Morrus alba L. is superior to the processed Morrus alba L. But its antitussive and antiasthmatic activities are inferior to the processed Morrus alba L.

Comparison on Pharmacodynamics Effects between Different Extracts of Fructus Trichosanthis and Bulbus Allii Macrostemi / 中成药

Objective: To compare pharmacodynamics properties between the extracts of Fructus Trichosanthis and Bulbus allii(water extraction, WE; ethanol extraction, EE). Methods: To establish model of normobaric hypoxia in mice with isoprenaline; determinated the coronary blood flow of isolated guinea pig heart and rabbits platelet aggregation induced by ADP in vitro. Results: EE was more effective than WE on the prolongation of survival time of mice; EE and WE significantly increased coronary blood flow and inhibited platelet aggregation at the same dose. Conclusion: At the same dose, the effect of EE is superior to WE.

Magnolol induces apoptosis via alteration of Bax/Bcl-X_L ratio and activation of caspases / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the mechanism of magnolol-induced HeLa cell death.Methods Cell viability was measured by MTT method.Morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscopy and Hoechst 33258 staining. DNA fragmentation was assayed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Protein level was detected by Western blot analysis.Results Magnolol induced HeLa cell apoptosis and had a weaker cytotoxic effect on HEL 299 cell. The apoptosis of HeLa cells was partially reversed by caspase-3,-8,-9,-10 and caspase family inhibitors. Magnolol has a synergistic apoptotic effect with Fas agonistic antibody CH-11. Treatment of HeLa cells with magnolol for 12 h increased the protein expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-X_L; procaspase-3, ICAD and PARP were cleaved to smaller molecules. p53 and phosphorylation of p53 (ser-15) increased response to magnolol treatment.Conclusion Magnolol induced HeLa cell death via alteration of Bax/Bcl-X_L ratio,activation of caspases and accumulation of p53.

The model of hypophysis shut off with dexamethasone in rats / 中国药理学通报

AIM To develop a simple reasonable and provable model of hypophysis shut off in rats with dexamethasone. METHODS Dexamethasone 6 mg?kg -1 was injected subcutaneously into two groups of rats at 3:00～3:30 pm on the preceding day. This dose was repeated at 9:00～9:30 am next day. The control group was treated with saline in the same way. One hour later, one of the dexamethasone treated groups was ig with Z47 200 mg?kg -1 , the other dexamethasone treated group and the control group was ig with 0 5% CMC. Then all the groups were ip with 0 086 mol?L -1 HAc in order to generate stress reaction. The reduction of the content of Vit C in adrenal gland was taken as the index of secretion of ACTH. RESULTS The content of Vit C in NS CMC HAc was obviously lower than in Dex CMC HAc group. There were statistically significant differences ( P

Norcantharidin induces HeLa cells apoptosis through caspases pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To examine the apoptotic pathway of norcantharidin (NCTD)-induced HeLa cells death. METHODS: MTT, photomicroscopical observation, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, LDH release and Western blot analysis were used. RESULTS: NCTD induced HeLa cells apoptosis and the apoptosis was partially reversed by the inhibitors of caspase-family (-3, -8, -10). The activities of caspase-3, -8 and -9 were significantly increased after treated with NCTD. The expression of the inhibitor of caspase-3 activated DNase (ICAD) was decreased in a time dependent manner. CONCLUSION: NCTD induces HeLa cells apoptosis through activating caspase pathways.

Study on antiangiogenesis and antitumor of thalidomide / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study antiangiogenesis and antitumor of thalidomide.Methods In HUVECs, cell viability was determined by MTT assay;death type was observed by electron microscope; ratio of apoptosis was quantitated by flow cytometry.Angiogenesis was tested in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane.Effect of thalidomide on S_(180) was examined in homograft mice and microvascular counts were detected through immunochemical staining method.Results Thalidomide might inhibite the growth of HUVECs with a IC_(50) value of(22.91?1.74) ?mol?L~(-1),cells treated by thalidomide for 48 h displayed morphological characteristics of different stages associated with apoptosis,which were irregular nucleus, condensed chromatin, ballooning endoplasmic reticulum, apoptotic bodies,under electron microscope.Thalidomide might be able to cause apoptosis or necrosis of HUVECs in flow cytometry and raised positive of antiangiogenesis with increasing of dosage in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Thalidomide as a single agent might not significantly prevent tumor growth but decrease microvascular counts in tumors, however, in combination with cyclophosphamide, thalidomide could decrease dosage of cyclophosphamide and enhance antitumor of cyclophosphamide.Conclusion Thalidomide might hold back angiogenesis,as a single agent, could not significantly prevent S_(180) tumor from growing,but acted synergistically with cyclophosphamide.